Expression of Causation, Intentionality, and Involuntary Actions in Georgian and English

Abstract

The presented work discusses the structures used to express causation, intentionality and involuntary actions. The work conducts a comparative analysis of the units and means of expressing causatives and intentionality/involuntariness based on the material of the Georgian and English languages, citing some examples from the German language. The work discusses these issues in the context of linguistic distance, which is an important factor in phylogenetic-comparative studies. The expression of causation is also related to the temporal sequence in various languages. If one action systematically precedes another action, then, in most cases, there is a causal connection between the actions (with exceptions); and if the sequence of actions is unsystematic, then we are dealing with correlation. Intentionality and involuntary actions can often be conveyed by latent causation.